Theory of Change
From activities to real impact
Theory of Change Canvas
The Theory of Change Canvas is a practical model that helps you plan, execute, and monitor how you create impact. It consists of six core components: Objective, Outcomes, Output, Activities, Context, and Challenges. Each component plays a distinct role in guiding your strategy and ensuring you address the issues that matter most.
Try Theory of Change software for free
toc factory is the online platform for creating and monitoring your theory of change.
Elements of Theory of Change
Objective
Your objective defines what you aim to achieve and how you intend to accomplish it. This statement should be both visionary and realistic.
By clearly articulating the result you want and the method you will use, you create a strong foundation for everything that follows.
Outcomes
Outcomes represent the positive changes you want to see as a result of your efforts.
These changes should directly answer the challenges you face. By focusing on outcomes, you ensure your work goes beyond completing tasks and moves toward creating real, measurable impact.
Output
Output refers to the key indicators or measurable results that show you are on the right track.
If outcomes describe the change you seek, output tells you how much progress you are making. Tracking these indicators allows you to adjust your approach when needed.
Activities
Activities are the concrete actions you take to achieve your outcomes.
This is where you detail the steps, initiatives, or projects you will implement. Defining activities clearly helps you maintain focus and accountability.
Challenges
Challenges are the obstacles you must overcome. They inform every step of the Theory of Change: from shaping your objective to choosing the right activities. By identifying and addressing challenges, your plan stays relevant and effective, even when faced with unexpected shifts.
Context
Context describes the environment in which you operate. It includes external factors—such as market conditions, technology trends, or social and political developments—that can influence your work. Understanding your context helps you adapt to evolving circumstances.